解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Distrust in scientific expertise1-14 is dangerous. Opposition to vaccination with a future vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, for example, could amplify outbreaks2-4, as happened for measles in 20195,6. Homemade remedies7,8 and falsehoods are being shared widely on the Internet, as well as dismi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2281-1
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease is characterized by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra1. Similar to other major neurodegenerative disorders, there are no disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson's disease. While most treatment strategies aim to prevent neuronal loss or protect vulnerable neuronal circuits, a poten...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2388-4
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photoreceptor loss is the final common endpoint in most retinopathies that lead to irreversible blindness, and there are no effective treatments to restore vision1,2. Chemical reprogramming of fibroblasts offers an opportunity to reverse vision loss; however, the generation of sensory neuronal subtypes such as photore...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2201-4
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::State-of-the-art optical clocks1 achieve precisions of 10-18 or better using ensembles of atoms in optical lattices2,3 or individual ions in radio-frequency traps4,5. Promising candidates for use in atomic clocks are highly charged ions6 (HCIs) and nuclear transitions7, which are largely insensitive to external pertur...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2221-0
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gut of healthy human neonates is usually devoid of viruses at birth, but quickly becomes colonized, which-in some cases-leads to gastrointestinal disorders1-4. Here we show that the assembly of the viral community in neonates takes place in distinct steps. Fluorescent staining of virus-like particles purified from...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2192-1
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular spectroscopy offers opportunities for the exploration of the fundamental laws of nature and the search for new particle physics beyond the standard model1-4. Radioactive molecules-in which one or more of the atoms possesses a radioactive nucleus-can contain heavy and deformed nuclei, offering high sensitivit...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2299-4
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ubiquity of tertiary alkylamines in pharmaceutical and agrochemical agents, natural products and small-molecule biological probes1,2 has stimulated efforts towards their streamlined synthesis3-9. Arguably the most robust method for the synthesis of tertiary alkylamines is carbonyl reductive amination3, which compr...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2213-0
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) synthesizes triacylglycerides and is required for dietary fat absorption and fat storage in humans1. DGAT1 belongs to the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) superfamily, members of which are found in all kingdoms of life and are involved in the acylation of lipids and p...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2280-2
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Warming surface temperatures have driven a substantial reduction in the extent and duration of Northern Hemisphere snow cover1-3. These changes in snow cover affect Earth's climate system via the surface energy budget, and influence freshwater resources across a large proportion of the Northern Hemisphere4-6. In contr...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2258-0
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been speculated that brain activities might directly control adaptive immune responses in lymphoid organs, although there is little evidence for this. Here we show that splenic denervation in mice specifically compromises the formation of plasma cells during a T cell-dependent but not T cell-independent immune ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2235-7
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper New-particle formation is a major contributor to urban smog1,2, but how it occurs in cities is often puzzling3. If the growth rates of urban particles are similar to those found in cleaner environments (1-10 nanometres per hour), then existing un...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2270-4
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer genomics has revealed many genes and core molecular processes that contribute to human malignancies, but the genetic and molecular bases of many rare cancers remains unclear. Genetic predisposition accounts for 5 to 10% of cancer diagnoses in children1,2, and genetic events that cooperate with known somatic dri...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2164-5
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantum computers are expected to outperform conventional computers in several important applications, from molecular simulation to search algorithms, once they can be scaled up to large numbers-typically millions-of quantum bits (qubits)1-3. For most solid-state qubit technologies-for example, those using superconduc...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2171-6
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::'Pioneer' transcription factors are required for stem-cell pluripotency, cell differentiation and cell reprogramming1,2. Pioneer factors can bind nucleosomal DNA to enable gene expression from regions of the genome with closed chromatin. SOX2 is a prominent pioneer factor that is essential for pluripotency and self-re...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2195-y
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental change is rapidly accelerating, and many species will need to adapt to survive1. Ensuring that protected areas cover populations across a broad range of environmental conditions could safeguard the processes that lead to such adaptations1-3. However, international conservation policies have largely negle...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2138-7
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the original work on Bose-Einstein condensation1,2, the use of quantum degenerate gases of atoms has enabled the quantum emulation of important systems in condensed matter and nuclear physics, as well as the study of many-body states that have no analogue in other fields of physics3. Ultracold molecules in the m...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2141-z
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multicomponent reactions are relied on in both academic and industrial synthetic organic chemistry owing to their step- and atom-economy advantages over traditional synthetic sequences1. Recently, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) motifs have become valuable as pharmaceutical bioisosteres of benzene rings, and in particular...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2060-z
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Separation of eukaryotic sister chromatids during the cell cycle is timed by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and ultimately triggered when separase cleaves cohesion-mediating cohesin1-3. Silencing of the SAC during metaphase activates the ubiquitin ligase APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex, also known as the cycl...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2182-3
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrathin ferroelectric materials could potentially enable low-power perovskite ferroelectric tetragonality logic and nonvolatile memories1,2. As ferroelectric materials are made thinner, however, the ferroelectricity is usually suppressed. Size effects in ferroelectrics have been thoroughly investigated in perovskite...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2208-x
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Observing and controlling macroscopic quantum systems has long been a driving force in quantum physics research. In particular, strong coupling between individual quantum systems and mechanical oscillators is being actively studied1-3. Whereas both read-out of mechanical motion using coherent control of spin systems4-...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2133-z
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) is a phenomenon whereby the absorption of light by a chemical species provides an energetic driving force for an electron-transfer reaction1-4. This mechanism is relevant in many areas of chemistry, including the study of natural and artificial photosynthesis, photovoltaics and pho...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2131-1
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to grow properly sized and good quality crystals is one of the cornerstones of single-crystal diffraction, is advantageous in many industrial-scale chemical processes1-3, and is important for obtaining institutional approvals of new drugs for which high-quality crystallographic data are required4-7. Typica...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2042-1
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetaldehyde is a highly reactive, DNA-damaging metabolite that is produced upon alcohol consumption1. Impaired detoxification of acetaldehyde is common in the Asian population, and is associated with alcohol-related cancers1,2. Cells are protected against acetaldehyde-induced damage by DNA crosslink repair, which whe...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2059-5
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mating and egg laying are tightly cooordinated events in the reproductive life of all oviparous females. Oviposition is typically rare in virgin females but is initiated after copulation. Here we identify the neural circuitry that links egg laying to mating status in Drosophila melanogaster. Activation of female-speci...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2055-9
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) are densely expressed in the striatum and have been linked to neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia1,2. High-affinity binding of dopamine suggests that D2Rs detect transient reductions in dopamine concentration (the dopamine dip) during punishment learning3-5. However, the natur...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2115-1
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cleavage of the gasdermin proteins to produce pore-forming amino-terminal fragments causes inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis)1. Gasdermin E (GSDME, also known as DFNA5)-mutated in familial ageing-related hearing loss2-can be cleaved by caspase 3, thereby converting noninflammatory apoptosis to pyroptosis in GSDME-ex...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2071-9
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Hubbard model, formulated by physicist John Hubbard in the 1960s1, is a simple theoretical model of interacting quantum particles in a lattice. The model is thought to capture the essential physics of high-temperature superconductors, magnetic insulators and other complex quantum many-body ground states2,3. Althou...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2085-3
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2064-8
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complex-oxide materials exhibit a vast range of functional properties desirable for next-generation electronic, spintronic, magnetoelectric, neuromorphic, and energy conversion storage devices1-4. Their physical functionalities can be coupled by stacking layers of such materials to create heterostructures and can be f...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1939-z
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thyroglobulin (TG) is the protein precursor of thyroid hormones, which are essential for growth, development and the control of metabolism in vertebrates1,2. Hormone synthesis from TG occurs in the thyroid gland via the iodination and coupling of pairs of tyrosines, and is completed by TG proteolysis3. Tyrosine proxim...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1995-4
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tobacco smoking causes lung cancer1-3, a process that is driven by more than 60 carcinogens in cigarette smoke that directly damage and mutate DNA4,5. The profound effects of tobacco on the genome of lung cancer cells are well-documented6-10, but equivalent data for normal bronchial cells are lacking. Here we sequence...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1961-1
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::On infection of their host, temperate viruses that infect bacteria (bacteriophages; hereafter referred to as phages) enter either a lytic or a lysogenic cycle. The former results in lysis of bacterial cells and phage release (resulting in horizontal transmission), whereas lysogeny is characterized by the integration o...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1936-2
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Topological physics relies on the structure of the eigenstates of the Hamiltonians. The geometry of the eigenstates is encoded in the quantum geometric tensor1-comprising the Berry curvature2 (crucial for topological matter)3 and the quantum metric4, which defines the distance between the eigenstates. Knowledge of the...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1989-2
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a major reactive oxygen species in unicellular and multicellular organisms, and is produced extracellularly in response to external stresses and internal cues1-4. H2O2 enters cells through aquaporin membrane proteins and covalently modifies cytoplasmic proteins to regulate signalling and ce...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2032-3
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spin dynamics in antiferromagnets has much shorter timescales than in ferromagnets, offering attractive properties for potential applications in ultrafast devices1-3. However, spin-current generation via antiferromagnetic resonance and simultaneous electrical detection by the inverse spin Hall effect in heavy metals h...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1950-4
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Levels of gene expression underpin organismal phenotypes1,2, but the nature of selection that acts on gene expression and its role in adaptive evolution remain unknown1,2. Here we assayed gene expression in rice (Oryza sativa)3, and used phenotypic selection analysis to estimate the type and strength of selection on t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1997-2
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A quantum internet that connects remote quantum processors1,2 should enable a number of revolutionary applications such as distributed quantum computing. Its realization will rely on entanglement of remote quantum memories over long distances. Despite enormous progress3-12, at present the maximal physical separation a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1976-7
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than twelve morphologically and physiologically distinct subtypes of primary somatosensory neuron report salient features of our internal and external environments1-4. It is unclear how specialized gene expression programs emerge during development to endow these subtypes with their unique properties. To assess t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1900-1
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modifications of histone proteins have essential roles in normal development and human disease. Recognition of modified histones by 'reader' proteins is a key mechanism that mediates the function of histone modifications, but how the dysregulation of these readers might contribute to disease remains poorly understood....
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1842-7
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sea-level histories during the two most recent deglacial-interglacial intervals show substantial differences1-3 despite both periods undergoing similar changes in global mean temperature4,5 and forcing from greenhouse gases6. Although the last interglaciation (LIG) experienced stronger boreal summer insolation forcing...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1931-7
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00